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Early Warning Signs of Macular Degeneration

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An older adult struggles to read the text on their laptop due to macular degeneration.

Macular degeneration is a common eye condition that affects the very core of your vision, making it difficult to accomplish daily tasks such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces. It is especially common in adults over the age of 55 and can severely impact quality of life if not managed early. 

Early warning signs of macular degeneration may include blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty seeing in low light, and the appearance of dark or blank spots in your field of view. These symptoms may be hard to spot on your own, which is why getting routine eye exams becomes more important than ever as you age.

What Is Macular Degeneration? 

Macular degeneration occurs when the macula—the small central portion of the retina—deteriorates, resulting in central vision loss. While your peripheral vision may remain intact, the loss of central vision can make it challenging to see fine details or focus directly on objects. Macular degeneration is also commonly known as age-related macular degeneration, or AMD.

Macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of vision loss in adults over 55 and typically progresses with age. However, timely diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in slowing its progression. 

There are 2 main types of AMD: dry and wet:

Dry Macular Degeneration 

  • More common: This type accounts for approximately 90% of all macular degeneration cases. 
  • Slow progression: The condition develops gradually as cells in the macula break down. 
  • Primary risk factor: Age is a significant contributor, though genetic predisposition plays a role as well. 

Wet Macular Degeneration 

  • Less common but severe: Wet macular degeneration represents 10% of cases but leads to rapid and significant vision loss. 
  • Abnormal blood vessels: It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina, leaking fluid or blood. 
  • Key risk factors: Smoking and cardiovascular diseases are primary contributors. 

AMD Early Warning Signs 

Detecting macular degeneration early can make a world of difference. Unfortunately, dry AMD often manifests without any obvious symptoms in its early stages. When the symptoms do become noticeable, they can include:

  • Blurred or distorted vision: If your central vision appears blurry or you notice distortion when looking at straight lines, this could be an early sign. 
  • Difficulty seeing in low light: Struggling to adjust to dim lighting or needing more light than usual when reading may indicate macular degeneration. 
  • Decreased central vision: A gradual loss of clarity in the center of your vision can interfere with tasks requiring focus, like reading or driving. 
  • Wavy or distorted straight lines: Objects like door frames or window blinds may appear curved or uneven. 
  • Loss of colour vision: Colors might seem less vibrant, and distinguishing similar shades could become more difficult. 

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, you should book a comprehensive eye exam as soon as possible.

An example of macular degeneration shows a hazy circle in central vision.

Reducing Your Risk of Macular Degeneration

While some factors, such as age and genetics, are beyond your control, there are several ways to lower your risk of macular degeneration or slow its progression. 

  • Follow a balanced diet: Include nutrient-rich foods, such as leafy greens, fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, and brightly coloured fruits and vegetables. 
  • Quit smoking: Smoking doubles the risk of macular degeneration and accelerates its progression. 
  • Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity and high cholesterol are risk factors linked to the condition. 
  • Exercise regularly: Physical activity supports overall cardiovascular health, which in turn promotes eye health
  • Wear UV-Blocking sunglasses: Protect your eyes from harmful UVA and UVB rays with sunglasses that offer 100% protection. 
  • Get regular eye exams: Routine check-ups allow your optometrist to monitor your vision and detect any early signs of macular degeneration. 

By prioritizing these lifestyle changes, you can take proactive steps to protect your vision for years to come. 

Diagnosis & Treatments for AMD 

If your optometrist suspects macular degeneration, they may recommend several diagnostic tools to confirm the condition, such as retinal imaging or an Amsler grid test. The earlier AMD is detected, the better the treatment outcomes usually are. 

While there currently isn’t a cure for dry macular degeneration, doctors can help manage symptoms and slow its progression. 

  • Nutritional therapy: Supplements that boost antioxidants and vitamins C, E, and zinc can support macular health. 
  • Injections or laser surgery: Wet AMD progresses rapidly, but it also has a bit more direct treatments. Anti-VEGF injections can slow abnormal blood vessel growth and laser surgery can seal them to stop them from leaking.
  • Low vision aids: Tools such as magnifying devices or specialized glasses can help improve day-to-day functioning. 

New advancements offer promising solutions to further manage and potentially improve the condition. 

See the World Clearly with Confidence 

Your vision plays a crucial role in your quality of life. Recognize the early warning signs of macular degeneration and make healthy choices. That way you can take control of your eye health before the condition progresses. 

At Calgary Trail Vision Centre, we’re here to partner with you on your vision health journey. Our skilled optometrists offer comprehensive eye exams and personalized care to help you maintain clear and healthy vision. 

Don’t wait—schedule your appointment today and take the first step toward protecting your vision.

Written by Calgary Trail Vision Centre

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